![]() ![]() ![]() Other vaccines are in development, and an antiviral drug called ribavirin appears to help treat infections. Medical toolbox: Although a vaccine is in use in Bulgaria, no research has been published on how well it works, and it's not licensed anywhere else. The virus causes severe outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fever, a condition that can damage the body's organ systems and cardiovascular system and that often includes severe bleeding. The disease is endemic, meaning it occurs regularly, in Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East and Asia. To get the virus from another person requires close contact with blood or other bodily fluids from an infected person. How it spreads: Humans usually get the virus from contact with ticks or infected livestock. The risk of international transmission can be lowered by washing those fruits and fruit products thoroughly and peeling them before eating. Prevention efforts include avoiding exposure to bats and sick animals, avoiding consumption of fruits that bats may have nibbled on and not drinking certain raw juices from fruits that bats feed on. Pandemic potential: Outbreaks occur almost every year in parts of Asia, but there are known ways to prevent spread of the virus. ![]() Monoclonal antibody therapies are in development. Medical toolbox: There is no vaccine available for either people or animals. The virus can also cause encephalitis, or swelling of the brain. It can also be transmitted directly from human to human. How it spreads: Nipah virus can be transmitted to humans from animals or contaminated foods. What animals carry it: fruit bats, including those called flying foxes, and domestic animals such as pigs, horses, cats and dogs Fatality rates are based on the best available data. Note: The infrastructure to detect diseases in different parts of the world varies, as does the fact that mild cases of an illness may not be known or reported. A revised list is expected in the coming months: In late 2022, the World Health Organization convened more than 300 scientists to assess and update the list. Here are the diseases on the current list. Goats and Soda QUIZ: Test your knowledge of spillover viruses, starting with. ![]()
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